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来源：大发平台论坛2024-11-16 17:48

大发平台计划

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

刻画“兔”飞猛进的意趣******

　　金兔呈祥（铜版）李博韬

　　青云直上（水印木刻）张蒙萌

　　兔飞猛进（水印木刻）崔正

　　合家平安（木版套色）王贤丰

　　小版画尺幅虽小，却意趣盎然，不同版种的作品因其不同的原理和技法展现出各自的独特魅力，不拘一格，耐人寻味。新年到来，中央美术学院版画系的贺年生肖小版画展活动举办，三百余幅以“癸卯兔年”为主题的版画，承载着迎福纳祥的美好祝愿。

　　按照使用材料，版画可分为木版画、石版画、丝网版画和铜版画。今年的水印木刻贺年小版画作品，师生们在继承优秀传统的基础上，充分运用水性材料的温润感和水墨比例的奇特变换进行创作。比如，王艺凝的《癸卯贺新》系列作品呈现出了栩栩如生的毛绒质感；丁科的《广寒宫灯》、崔正的《兔飞猛进》采用整版和饾版相结合，并借鉴了荣宝斋和浮世绘的传统印法，虚实渐变，创作出既有传统文化内涵又极具表现力的作品。

　　丝网版画也被称作漏版印刷，运用多版套印和色彩叠加印刷，可以创造出丰富的色彩层次和肌理效果。比如，甘世腾的作品《兔入青云》，灵感来源于山水画《千里江山图》，将青山绿水的元素与兔子的形态相结合，借敦煌壁画中“飞天”的经典形象，寓意平步青云、飞上云端。

　　石版画制作流程烦琐、严谨，印数有限，非常具有收藏价值。赵利奇的版画《弄啥嘞？》是以传统石版作为媒介来进行制作，充分体现出了石版画富有层次、透气、细腻颗粒感的独特语言魅力。除石板材料外，平版画还包括现代胶印版画，即在透明菲林片上作画后，运用在PS板上感光的方式来完成作品印制，更具有便捷性和可操控性，画面细腻，光影感强。陈柏宇小版画《2023别卷了》通过现代感光印刷的方式进行分版、套版制作，展示出了平版画的直接性、绘画性和生动性。

　　铜版画技法种类繁多，如雕版、干刻、蚀刻、飞尘、软蜡、糖水、美柔汀等，深得艺术家的青睐。金郑晓的《I love U too》运用照相制版技法，将电脑制图和手工制版结合在一起，工艺复杂，画风时尚。苗水仙的《Hello!New Day！》运用美柔汀技法，以摇刀制作黑底，黑中提白，细致入微地呈现出丰富的色调。

　　透过此次贺年小版画展出的作品，我们既能看到大胆的创新、创造以及独到的技艺探索，也感受到大家对传统文化、传统技法的用心用力。许多作品充分挖掘传统节日喜庆元素和吉祥纹样，如朱玄玄的《守月明》、李博韬的《金兔呈祥》等作品呈现了象征团圆的满月，王怡宁的《好柿天降》、贾小童的《柿柿如意》、林楷龙的《万柿如意》、潘虹池的《兔年大“橘”》等作品中都出现了象征如意和吉祥的柿子和橘子。林恬琪的《三兔共耳，扬梅兔气》、李劲弈的《卯兔伴月》、郑琹语的《兔兔团圆》都不约而同地运用了“三兔共耳”这一敦煌莫高窟中出现的有趣图像元素。

　　今天，央美版画系的师生们继续秉持“艺术为人民服务”的初心，深入生活，扎根人民，用全新的艺术面貌制作出“新年画”，用青春洋溢的刀笔，刻画新生活，反映新风尚。

　　（作者：孙亚南，系中央美术学院版画系直属党支部副书记）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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