“创新X”系列首发星发布第二批成果******
【科技前沿】
从中国科学院获悉,“创新X”系列首发星——空间新技术试验卫星(SATech-01)发布了第二批科学与技术成果,包括46.5纳米极紫外太阳成像仪(SUTRI)开机并获得我国首幅太阳过渡区图像;HEBS探测到了迄今最亮的伽马射线暴;国产CPT原子磁场精密测量系统伸杆成功并首次获得全球磁场勘测图;多功能一体化相机、异构多核智能处理单元、可展收式辐射器和空间元器件辐射效应试验平台也都完成了在轨试验并获得满意的验证成果。
成果一:
46.5纳米极紫外成像仪获得我国首幅太阳过渡区图像
46.5纳米极紫外太阳成像仪(SUTRI)是国际首台基于多层膜窄带滤光技术的46.5纳米太阳成像仪,用于探测50万度左右的太阳过渡区(太阳色球与日冕之间的层次),由国家天文台联合北京大学、同济大学、西安光学精密机械研究所和微小卫星创新研究院共同研制。
自8月30日载荷开机以来获取了超过1.6TB的探测数据,成功实现了我国首次太阳过渡区探测。SUTRI拍摄的图像清晰地显示了过渡区网络组织、活动区冕环系统、日珥和暗条、冕洞等结构,这些结构的观测特征表明,SUTRI拍摄的确实是从太阳低层大气往日冕过渡的结构,符合预期。同时,SUTRI已探测到多个耀斑、喷流、日珥爆发和日冕物质抛射事件,表明其数据适合研究各种类型的太阳活动现象。此外,SUTRI还发现活动区普遍存在50万度左右的、朝向太阳表面的物质流动,这些流动在太阳大气的物质循环过程中占有重要地位。
目前SUTRI一切功能正常,在轨测试和标定结束后,SUTRI观测的科学数据将向国内外太阳物理和空间天气同行全部开放。
成果二:
高能爆发探索者(HEBS)捕获到迄今为止最亮伽马暴
由中科院高能物理研究所研制的高能爆发探索者(HEBS)于北京时间10月9日21时17分,与我国慧眼卫星和高海拔宇宙线观测站同时探测到迄今最亮的伽马射线暴(编号为GRB 221009A)。
根据HEBS的精确测量结果,该伽马射线暴比以往人类观测到的最亮伽马射线暴还亮10倍以上,打破了伽马射线暴的最高各向同性能量以及最大各向同性峰值光度等多项纪录。由于该伽马射线暴的亮度极高,国际上绝大部分探测设备均发生了严重的数据饱和丢失、脉冲堆积等仪器效应,难以获得精确测量结果。HEBS凭借创新的探测器设计以及新颖的高纬度观测模式设置,探测器经受住了高计数率的考验,获得了高时间分辨率的光变曲线,以及10千电子伏至5兆电子伏的宽能段能谱。HEBS极为宝贵的精确测量结果对于揭示伽马射线暴的起源和辐射机制具有重要意义。
成果三:
国产量子磁力仪首次空间应用并获得全球磁场图
由中科院国家空间科学中心和中科院沈阳自动化研究所联合研制的国产量子磁力仪(CPT)及伸展臂,可实现全球地磁矢量和标量高精度测量。11月7日,多级套筒式无磁伸展臂顺利展开,将各传感器探头伸出约4.35米距离,处于伸展臂顶端的CPT原子/量子磁力仪探头、AMR磁阻磁力仪探头、NST星敏感器获取了有效探测数据,首次在轨验证了磁场矢量和姿态一体化同步探测技术,磁测量噪声峰峰值<0.1nT,实现了国产量子磁力仪的首次空间验证与应用。
除此之外,创新X系列首发卫星的其他空间载荷、平台新技术也取得丰富成果。例如,由中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所空间新技术部研制的多功能一体化相机,成功取得首张170千米×42千米大幅宽地面遥感图像,探索了单台相机即可同时实现多谱段多模态遥感成像的新模式,为我国未来高集成度一体化空间光学遥感载荷发展提供了技术储备。
SATech-01由中科院微小卫星创新院抓总研制,已在轨运行4个多月。目前,星上的四个科学载荷已进入常规化观测,搭载的几种新型推进系统等载荷也将陆续开展在轨试验。(记者齐芳)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)