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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

人民币对美元汇率连破“三关”，“跨年”涨势能延续多久？******

　　(经济观察)人民币对美元汇率连破“三关”，“跨年”涨势能延续多久？

　　中新社北京1月10日电 (记者 夏宾)人民币对美元汇率走出一波“跨年”上涨。10日，中国外汇交易中心报人民币对美元汇率中间价为6.7611，涨破6.8关口，创2022年8月15日以来最高水平，较前一交易日大幅上调654个基点。

　　从人民币对美元汇率中间价的走势来看，去年12月6日涨破整数关口7，进入今年1月份，又连续涨破6.9和6.8两个关口，美元指数则在近期涨高后又回落，仍保持在阶段性低点波动，截至10日15时报103.19。

　　如此“跨年”涨势从何而来？中国银保监会主席郭树清近期在接受媒体采访时称，去年年底以来，人民币汇率大幅反弹，境外资本流入持续增长，充分反映了国际金融市场坚定看好中国经济发展，对物价等经济基本面充满信心。

　　中国银行研究院高级研究员王有鑫认为，近期人民币汇率持续回升符合中国经济基本面的变动趋势。在美元指数没有特别大变动情况下，人民币汇率持续回升，反映了国内经济基本面对人民币汇率的影响逐渐占据主导地位。

　　他还提到，在全球经济衰退背景下，中国经济良好的复苏态势使得人民币资产成为国际资本追逐的热点，近期沪港通、深港通项下跨境资本流入增多，对人民币汇率形成有力支撑。

　　如此“跨年”涨势能延续多久？仲量联行大中华区首席经济学家及研究部总监庞溟对中新社记者表示，近期人民币汇率稳中有升，跨境资本流入持续增长，外汇储备规模保持总体稳定。

　　在他看来，上述表现说明国际金融市场和全球投资者对中国经济发展基本面长期向好和政策面质效齐升充满信心，对优化调整疫情防控各项措施有序实施充满信心，对国际收支状况和外汇市场韧性充满信心，对建设更高水平开放型经济新体制和加速有序推进人民币国际化进程充满信心，对中国能提供持续的、稳健的、安全的、长期的投资机会充满信心。

　　庞溟直言，在这些积极因素和正面预期的推动下，预计人民币汇率将继续在合理均衡水平上保持基本稳定，人民币汇率弹性、市场在汇率形成中的决定性作用以及人民币汇率中间价形成的规则性、透明度将继续提高，全年总体趋势有望保持稳步回升、温和走强，并且逐步向中长期均衡价值水平和合理区间趋近。

　　王有鑫预计，2023年人民币汇率将延续波动回升态势。随着各地疫情形势逐渐达峰并好转，人员流动、交通、餐饮、消费等领域活动将逐渐恢复，市场信心将进一步增强。而欧美等经济体经济增长压力将加快显现，货币政策转向的讨论或逐渐升温，美元大概率持续回落，对人民币的制约效应减弱。

　　中国民生银行首席经济学家温彬亦指出，整体看，2023年中国经济基本面持续修复和温和通胀，将有利于人民币汇率保持稳定。综合经济基本面与国际收支面考虑，预计2023年人民币汇率整体将呈现双向波动、温和回升、逐步趋近长期合理区间的走势。

　　“中长期看，人民币汇率会保持双向波动，但总体上将持续走强。”郭树清说。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）